Roger Bacon's Gunpowder Formula as Revealed in the Harley MS 3528

Roger Bacon is credited with giving one of the earliest compositions for gunpowder. His formula was based a document translating his work some 400 years after his death (Link-> Dee's translation of Bacon's "Epistola de Secretis Operibus Artis et Naturae et de Nullitate Magiae") and a decoding of the anagram in the translated document about 400 more years later (Link-> Hime's "Gunpowder and Ammunition Their Origin and Progress"). The formula received criticism for being unlikely to produce the effects associated with gunpowder. Steele took umbrage to anagram and Hime's interpretation (Link-> “Luru Vopo Vir Can Utriet” in Nature) as it seems an unfair direct criticism of Bacon. Steele presented a similar passage from the Harley MS 3528 that had a less obscured formula, although it still appeared obfuscated. The document in this blog will present the results of investigating and decoding the Harleian MS text to determine a formula (potassium nitrate 68.4%, charcoal 15.8% and sulfur 15.8%) (Link-> Translation of Roger Bacon’s Gunpowder Formula in the Harley Manuscript 3528). 

Bacon believed that some information was so important that it should be kept hidden by cryptic methods. Since he used multiple methods of obfuscation and not a unified method of encryption, any meaning decoded is open to interpretation and will lead to varying opinions. His approach does have as a consequence that enough piecemeal information may be decoded so that a likely but not necessarily complete determination can be made of his intent. The decoding presented is suggestive of his intent and is given so that others may develop it further. The document includes learned and discovered information in the progress to decoding the formula. Some of what was found and its interpretation may be new and useful beyond the simple interpretation of the formula for gunpowder. 

Since scholars, who write in Latin with Medieval script, is far afield from my expertise, there was a significant learning curve. What is presented is subject to all the ills that may result from an untrained novice's foray into a new field. Not all of what was found was included, only that which seems likely to be of value to those with interests in this area.

Outlook Repeating Alarm for Newly Received Email

 

VBA code was written to make the arrival of new emails more obvious with a more intrusive message box and continuous sound (Link->Outlook Repeating Alarm for New Email). The message box and sound will continue until the message box is acknowledged or times out. An alarm for the email can be set to repeat from either the message box or by letting the message box time out. The repeating sound and message box can be dismissed in the message box or by taking action to handle the email (deleting, moving or reading the email). Two sets of code are listed. “CODE MINIMAL” contains few features. “CODE” contains has more features that are selectable by altering the code. This was written for Outlook 2007 running in Windows 10. The message box time out uses an undocumented feature in the user32 library (alias MessageBoxTimeoutA). It has been available since Windows 7 but there is not guarantee it will remain available.